As the IoT market is growing, the amount of data processed by the devices is also increasing. One of the technological IoT trends in 2023 will be the application of artificial intelligence (AI).

AI-based analytics tools such as machine learning and computer vision are essential for efficient data processing.

Sophisticated algorithms for analyzing large amounts of data based on machine learning complement or completely replace labor-intensive processes.

The Internet of Things with machine learning is used in automotive, industrial automation, agriculture, healthcare, commerce, and many other fields.

• Digital twin technology and the corporate meta-universe

Digital twins are digital simulations of physical objects or systems.

A computer program takes data from the object and creates models and predictions of its state.

A digital twin can simulate a physical device in real time. Data obtained from sensors is then transferred to a processing system and applied to the twin.

The digital twin can be complex or simple, depending on your needs. IoT-based digital twin technology is used in the automotive, healthcare, and manufacturing industries.

Digital twins outperform conventional computer models in terms of interactivity and the number of processes explored.

Digital copies exist in a two-way flow of data from sensors to the system processor and back to the original object.

Multi-directional flows link digital twin technology with enterprise metavillage and edge computing for efficient and secure data management.

Enterprise metavillages are virtual platforms where companies can sell their digital products and services.

• Security

According to experts, the Internet of Things is now one of the top three targets for cyberattacks, along with data storage and personal devices used to work remotely on corporate networks.

Not surprisingly, developers are working hard to ensure data security and privacy by utilizing sophisticated blockchain approaches and technologies for IoT security solutions.

• Smart city

IoT solutions help city governments create a convenient urban environment, improve security, and solve problems efficiently, improving the quality of urban life.

Smart city technologies and solutions have been in the trends of the Internet of Things for several years.

The projected global revenue from the sale of smart city technologies, products and services will exceed $241 million by 2025, which is 61% more than the figures for 2022. Expected revenue for smart city technology related companies globally from 2020 to 2025. Forecasted revenue of companies in the global smart city technology and devices market through 2025.

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What are microservices?

Microservices is an architectural approach in which a large web application is broken down into small and autonomous services called microservices. Each microservice is responsible for a specific functionality of the application and can be developed, deployed and scaled independently of other services. Interaction between microservices is done through APIs, which provides ease and flexibility in developing and maintaining the application.

Benefits of microservice architecture in web development

Easy scalability: Each microservice can be scaled separately, allowing for more efficient resource utilization and load management.

High availability: If one of the microservices fails, the rest of the microservices continue to operate, ensuring high availability and reliability of the application.

Easy development and maintenance: Small and self-contained microservices are easier to develop, test, and deploy. Each service can be written on different technologies and can be updated separately without affecting others.

Faster deployment of new features: By dividing the application into microservices, adding new functionality becomes a simpler and faster process.

Better team flexibility: Different teams can work on different microservices in parallel, which improves development efficiency and reduces conflicts.

Key aspects of microservice development

Defining service boundaries: A key point in microservice development is to properly define service boundaries so that functionality is divided logically and efficiently.

Data management: Each microservice has its own database and it is necessary to ensure consistency and integrity of data between services.

Communication between services: It is important to choose the right communication mechanism between services to ensure fast and reliable data transfer.

Fault tolerance: While designing microservices, it is necessary to consider the possibility of failure of one or more services and ensure that such situations are handled properly.

Microservice architecture is a powerful approach to develop scalable and flexible web applications. It allows a complex application to be broken down into small and manageable pieces, providing ease of development, high availability, and rapid deployment of new features. However, successful development and deployment of microservices requires proper planning

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Format

Each image format has its own advantages and is suitable for certain types of images. For example, JPEG (or JPG) is suitable for photographs and images with many shades of color. It provides good compression and preserves image details. PNG – the most suitable format for images with transparency or text. It preserves sharper lines and is a good choice for logos and icons.

Compression

Image compression tools help to reduce the size of image files without significantly reducing the quality. This removes redundant information such as unnecessary metadata and hidden colors while maintaining the visual quality of the image. Here are some popular compression tools: Kraken.io, TinyPNG, iloveimg.com, Compressor.io, etc. You can also enable image conversion to WebP format. According to the company it provides 26% reduction in image size compared to PNG format and 25-34% reduction compared to JPEG format.

Deferred Upload

Deferred image loading allows you to load images only when they become visible on the user’s screen. This is especially useful for pages with many images or long pages. There are different techniques such as:

• Lazy loading (lazy loading). Allows images to load only as the page scrolls. Plugins and libraries such as LazyLoad or Intersection Observer API help with this.
• Image loading optimization plugins. There are various plugins and extensions for content management platforms (CMS) that automatically apply delayed image loading or optimize the loading process. For example, WP Smush for WordPress.

Optimizing your site’s code

Another way to optimize is to reduce the size of CSS, JavaScript, and HTML files by removing comments, extra spaces, and line breaks. Combine CSS and JavaScript files into a single file to reduce the number of requests to the server. This can be done using build tools such as Webpack or Gulp.

It is also recommended to place the CSS code at the beginning of the page and the scripts at the end. This approach allows the browser to start displaying the page before all the scripts are loaded, which reduces load time and improves the user experience.

Avoid using inline CSS and JS code. Instead, you should take CSS and JS code to external files. This allows browsers to cache these resources and makes the page load faster.

Using caching and CDNs

Enabling caching on the server allows static resources such as images, CSS and JavaScript files to be stored on the client side. In doing so, the resources are loaded and cached by the user’s browser, allowing the resources to be reused without having to be downloaded from the server on each request. This significantly reduces page load time for repeat visits and improves performance.

Use a CDN (content delivery network) to distribute copies of content to servers located in different regions of the world and provide site acceleration. A CDN works on the following principle: the closest server serves user requests, which reduces download time. When a user requests a resource from a website, he gets it from the nearest CDN server rather than the primary server.

When resources are cached on the client side and distributed across CDN servers, you have the ability to deliver content with minimal latency and provide fast access for users anywhere in the world.

Minimize redirects and broken links

Avoid overuse of redirects on your website. Redirects add an extra step when loading a page, which can slow it down. Check your URL structure and coding to make sure they are optimized and minimized. Try to use direct links where possible and avoid redirect chains.

Regularly check your site for broken links and fix them. Broken links that lead to non-existent or inaccessible pages can negatively impact user experience and loading speed.

Cloud provider and server

When choosing a hosting provider, it is advisable to pay attention to their performance and reliability. A well-chosen hosting service with optimized infrastructure, high bandwidth and low latency can significantly improve server response time.

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Planning and Analysis: defining the requirements and goals of the application, as well as market and competitor research. At this stage, the functionality and structure of the application are also determined. Specialists talk to the customer to take into account his wishes, after which they develop the terms of reference. Based on the TOR, all the next steps in the application development will be performed.

Design and interface: at this stage the design and user interface of the application are developed. The latter should be user-friendly and meet the goals and requirements of the application. The designer draws mockups of all screens, which is agreed upon with the customer.

Backend development and testing: at this stage, the server part of the application is created, which processes requests from the client and interacts with the database. Backend testing for functionality and security is also performed here. The backend is an important part: if there are bugs and errors here, the whole application will not work properly.

Frontend development and testing: at this stage the client part of the application is created, which displays the interface and interacts with the backend. Here testing is done for functionality, usability and design compliance.

Adding PWA functionality: in this phase, PWA functionality such as caching, etc. is added.

Performance Testing and Optimization: in this phase, performance testing and code optimization is done to make the application run fast and lag-free. The testers conduct manual and automated tests.

Deployment and publishing: at this stage, the application is ready to be deployed and published to the server. This is where the final testing is done and the server is configured to serve the users.

Maintaining and updating: once the application is published, you need to maintain and update it to keep it up-to-date and running smoothly.

Developing a progressive application is quite a complex task that requires taking into account a lot of information. Therefore, the creation of such a product should be entrusted to professionals.

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Progressive web applications are built using modern web technologies that provide high performance and reliability.

The technology under consideration has a wide range of uses:

• E-commerce. PWAs can be used to create convenient and fast mobile stores that can work offline and have a native appearance, which improves user experience;
• social networking. PWAs can be used to create mobile applications for social media that offer fast loading and better responsiveness and offline operation;
• education. PWAs can be used to create mobile applications for educational institutions;
• healthcare. Progressive web applications can be used to create programs for clinics and aggregators. The apps can provide users with health monitoring or the ability to choose a clinic with quality services;
• Finance. PWAs can be used to create mobile applications for banks and other financial institutions that allow users to manage their accounts and conduct financial transactions using mobile devices;
• tourism. PWAs can be used to create mobile applications for travel companies that allow users to get information about the places they visit and manage their travels.

Progressive Web Apps can be used in a variety of applications and provide high performance, usability and other benefits.

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